Where is the windmill?

Those who would have visited Cape Town's Southern Suburbs might have seen Moster's Windmill, the last working windmill from the colonial era (more than 200 years old). It was destroyed beyond recognition during the 2021 fire. 

It took many years to restore it. A few days back I was passing by and noted that it has been fully restored. What attracted my notice was the year written on it. 1796! Even after getting rebuilt almost 90%, the mill is still the same....from 1796. It reminded me of something I read in a novel by Terry Pratchett. 

"This, milord, is my family's axe. We have owned it for almost nine hundred years, see. Of course, sometimes it needed a new blade. And sometimes it has required a new handle, new designs on the metalwork, a little refreshing of the ornamentation . . . but is this not the nine hundred-year-old axe of my family? And because it has changed gently over time, it is still a pretty good axe, y'know. Pretty good."

By the same logic, the windmill is the same Mosetr's Mill from 1796. And it is still working because it has got a part here and a part there; a small refurbishment here and a major renovation there. Does this not beg the question, "what is Moster's Mill; or, for that matter, what is a windmill?"

As Monk Nagasena asks the Greek sovereign Milinda (in Milinda Panha), "Then, explain sir, what this "chariot" is. Is it the axle? Or the wheels, or the chassis, or reins, or yoke that is the chariot? Is it all of these combined, or is it something apart from them?" Milinda replied, "It is none of these things, venerable sir.". Then they discover, through dialogue, how names and forms are attributes of concepts that we build inside out mind. 

Similarly, Moster's Mill is a concept. It is not the mere summation of some physical parts. Changing a part here or there shall not change the concept. Because the concept is in our minds. Is that not true of humans as well? "Amit" is a concept. Some extra bones here and some less flesh there; some new thoughts here and some loss of biases there does not change the concept of "Amit". Once we see this ever constant nature of a concept amidst ever fleeting nature of physical attributes, it may give rise to fundamental changes in the way we view and interact with people, objects and events of the world.

Morality and Meditation

(Caution: Longer-than-usual blog!)

Talks of morality never appealed me. Maybe, I am a tiny bit of a rebel and do not want anyone or anything to rule what I do or do not. Maybe, its because I never believed in "free will". Because, I think that it is a logical universe controlled by cause and effect. If we start believing and expecting a universe to have effects without cause where would that lead us to? Maybe, it is partially because of the quotation by JD Krishnamurti which my father uses often, “virtues can never be practiced. The moment they are practised they are no more virtues!” This means that when you have to “practise” something, it implies that it does not come to you naturally. Hence, there is a conflict in yourself when you “practise” anything. How can one expect to end inner conflicts (and get inner peace) by modus operandi that inherently creates conflicts?

For the last few years, I have been practising mindfulness meditation and have been slowly but steadily trying to learn and appreciate Buddhist philosophy and psychology. There is one fundamental aspect of Buddhism which I was not very comfortable with. This is a set of paths prescribed by the Buddha to achieve the state of no sorrow or inner peace. 

Let us take one step back. Why did I like Buddhism? It is a strictly logical religion/system. I doubt if we can call it a religion. Because, unlike most religions Buddhism does not believe in any God(s)! It is a scientific religion based on axioms, experiments and observations. The foundation of Buddhism is laid in the four Noble Truths of Buddhism. These are pretty self-evident. I remember a conversation of HH Dalai Lama where the Lama was asked about the contradicting theological views on the origin of the universe. HH Dalai Lama playfully pointed out, does any of these negate any of the four Noble Truths? Then there is no issue in Buddhism whichever you believe in or not! The four Nobel Truths are that important. At its core, they are like the three axioms of Euclid. 

1- There is suffering in the world. 

2- There is a cause of this suffering and it is Tanhā or craving. 

3- It is possible to end suffering. 

4- The way to end suffering is by following the Noble Eightfold Path. 

As you may observe, there is nothing in this list that needs you to believe in anything. It’s an evidence based path. Point four is a set of action items. Nothing to believe in. You do those and see the results for yourself. 

Coming to my pain point now, in the Noble Eightfold path, there are three that are about ethical conducts. Things like not stealing, not lying, not harming others etc. I agree that these are good things to do. But, as a matter of principle, I could not fully embrace the prescriptive tone of these things. My understanding was that as and when my vision gets pure through meditation, I can see the harm of these kinds of actions and "wont be able to" perform any of these. The whole idea of sin and merit or Paapa and Punya never appealed me. 

Then came some insights. I was listening to a set of podcasts in a channel called Audio Dharma. It sparked an insight. The insight was based on the fact that the Buddha did not often use the word “sin”. He invented (like many other phrases) the use of the phrase “Kushal Karma” and “Akushal Karma”. Kushal loosely translates to skilful. So Kushal karma is skilful action and Akushal Karma is unskillful action! What does it mean? Skill usually implies efficiency. Hence, Kushal Karma will make you more efficient at …….achieving what you want to achieve, i.e. freedom from suffering. So, if you do Akushal Karma you may take much longer to achieve the state of freedom from suffering. One way to understand this is to think of performing Kushal Karma as going to psychological gym. With your big psychological muscles, you can remove the veil of “Sanskara” and see things clearly (the literal meaning of Vipassana). 

Doing Kushal Karma will make your meditation practice deeper and more effective. Your meditation practice, in turn, will make it more natural for you to see the bigger picture. Seeing the bigger picture will make it natural to perform Kushal karma. For example, if I have deep insight and kindness (through meditation), I can see clearly that eating meat is affecting the environment negatively which, in turn, will make the earth less habitable for me! Naturally, I will stop eating meat! 

It also made it clear why the Buddha called these the eight-fold path. It is not a sequence of actions. Rather it is a bouquet of actions! 

Gandhi: An Idea Bigger than His Time!

We live in a world progressively getting inflicted with narrow-minded, reactionary rightwing thought process. I have even come across people from severely marginalised  backgrounds (like Africans, lesbians, Indians) who you would expect to be champions of liberalism, talking tones of fascism. It is, hence, expected that a personality like Mahatma Gandhi would face severe criticism and, at times, even hatred even in his own motherland. 

Let us discuss a little bit about the real contributions of this man whom Churchill jeered as the half-naked fakir! Of course, no one is perfect. The Mahatma also made mistakes in his life. However, the greatness of a person comes from their attitude towards their own mistakes. This is where the Mahatma takes the first prize! He has clearly mentioned that his life is an experiment and he may make mistakes. Hence, his views and convictions would change with time (which they did). 

Also, let us get some facts straight. First of all, it was the great poet Ravindranath Tagore who started calling Gandhi as the Mahatma. Secondly, it was the revolutionary and charismatic leader Netaji Subhas Bose who first called Gandhi as the father of the nation. Netaji and Gandhi differed severely in terms of their political stands. However, Gandhi admired Netaji immensely and addressed him as "the prince among patriots" and Netaji respected the Mahatma a lot.

Now let us come to his contributions. Before that some facts. India is one of the very few ex-colonies which has had a non-broken tradition of democracy. How is this possible in a nation which was never really a nation? Of course, the idea of nation-state is very new. Still, in the nations where the idea of nation started (like France, Spain and the UK) there has been a lot of separatist movements. How did India, a new nation, become a nation? A big credit goes to Gandhi. 

He made freedom struggle a mass movement. 

How? 

He made it very easy for anyone from any walk of life to be a freedom fighter. 

How? 

He redefined freedom fighter with a new word "satyagrahi"! This word literally means one who aspires to have a truthful and fair life and society. Colonialism was definitely not fair nor truthful. Hence, protests against it was a big duty of a satyagrahi. In addition, it was also a duty of a satyagrahi to have a righteous life, to not discriminate based on caste or money or religion or language. Do you notice the master stroke here? Most freedom struggles are about fighting the oppressor. It does not fix the society off the inflictions which made it weak enough to be controlled by oppressors. By redefining freedom struggle as "satyagrah", Gandhi made it a holistic movement. 

The second master stroke was about what is required from the satyagrahis. If you want every freedom fighter to go and fight and do big sacrifices then you can only mobilise a small part of the population. A satyagrahi was expected to do only a few things but on a daily basis. For example, they were expected to weave their own threads. It was a symbolic protests against the British empire. For the British empire, India was a huge market for cloths made in the UK. By making their own cloths a satyagrahi was hitting the empire where it actually hurts the most! Let us take a moment to appreciate this master stroke. Anyone can weave. Gandhi even innovated a handy small spinning wheel called box charkha! When you spend at least an hour to spin your own thread and wear cloths made from this you feel empowered! Everyone in the country felt empowered and connected. Gandhi's cotton threads literally connected a nation of hundred languages and a million Gods!

In addition to the above Gandhi was a fountainhead of ideas beyond his times; be it sarvodaya or trusteeship in capitalism. His ideas around sustainable development were far ahead of his times and are extremely useful in the current era. 

The more I try to read about him (from the writings of him and his compatriots) the more amazed I become about this fountainhead! Let us try not be swayed by propaganda and Whatsapp University. Let us try to pick up some original writings from that era and try to know some facts about this great soul. 

A Perfect Moment

Terry Pratchett is one of the amazing writers of all times.  The wit and depth of his writings are unique. I was reading his book The Thief of Time over the last few weeks. Last few weeks were interesting for me mixed with some issues following which I was also doing mindfulness-meditation more regularly. I guess that might have made me a bit more receptive. I read Terry talking about a perfect moment. (I am adding the exact lines below.)

This made me think what is a perfect moment? Let us think about this dispassionately and logically. A perfect moment. The word "perfect", as per Cambridge dictionary, means "complete and correct in every way, of the best possible type or without fault." 

What is correct? Opinions and dogmas are personal. They can not be universally correct. In other words universality should be a property of anything that is correct. Hence, laws of nature can be called correct. When I lift a stone and leave it there, it falls down. That is a perfect piece of action. We do not have to think why I lifted the stone or if after falling it hit an ant. Just the falling of a stone is perfect. It follows the laws of nature perfectly. 

Now let us think of the tiniest moment we can think of. Everything in that moment follows the laws of nature. Good or bad comes when we attach temporal, personal and spatial contexts. A moment in itself is always perfect.

Let us try to do this small mental exercise when we can. Try to note the time flowing. Try to note things changing. In this flow, try to focus on the tiniest piece of time you can focus on. That "Tick" which can become your personal quanta of time. Everything in that "Tick", follows the laws of nature. Everything in that "Tick" is perfect. 

Every "Tick" is a perfect moment.

And as Terry says in that novel, 

"Against one perfect moment, the centuries beat in vain".

Human Mind: Amplifier of Dukha

Prologue: The presence of Dukha (loosely translated as suffering or sorrow) is the first fundamental truth discovered by Sakya Muni Buddha. We all have Dukha to various intensities. However, the human mind is very good at amplifying the real Dukha. Let us talk about two incidents witnessed by the writer in the recent days.

Incident 1: You might remember Dr Samuel from the last two blogs. Early in August he got infected with flu (or Covid or Bronchitis) while providing healthcare in one of the rural shelters housing internally displaced people in Myanmar. Almost at the same time he joined a mobile team of healthcare providers whose mission was to travel and cover as much ground as possible to provide badly needed healthcare in the remote parts of the nation where hospitals have stopped working due to the ongoing freedom struggle. It can be mentioned here that even before this war healthcare in the remote parts of Myanmar (more than 70 percent of the nation) was extremely bare-bone. 

Anyway, the result was that the doctor who himself is sick had to travel everyday to a new location to provide healthcare to people who are in much more acute need of healthcare. Everyday morning the cough and flu would ameliorate a bit and he would travel to the next destination. And by the evening, cough would get worse. He had no rest, no decent bed, no decent hut with proper walls. He had no choice to not travel. Because, if he stops working then they can not cover the ground. 

The story does not end here. When he had very bad cough, he got the news that his sister who was suffering from cancer had died. And many more issues and challenges which I will not go into details here. Lets just say that he has been going through one of the worst phases of his life, challenges and issues which most of us can not even begin to comprehend. And, all these to be in the right side of history. 

Incident 2: I met a young man in a birthday celebration. This young man did his masters in the Netherlands. Then, he was not able to get a job for some time and now he is back in India living with his parents. Of course, he is sad. I thought knowing about people worse off than him may make him count his blessings. Me and my cousin sister (whose daughter’s birthday it was) tried to tell him about Dr Samuel and the endless list of challenges he has been going through. It was surprising and shocking to see how little impression was made by Samuel's story on this gentleman. He thought his pain and sufferings are as bad or worse than those faced by Dr Samuel. 

Insight: Human brain is an amazing organ. We take whatever sorrow or issues we have and keep amplifying it till it fills each and every corner of our brain. It’s like lighting a candle in a mirror room. Multiple reflections make the whole room filled with the tiny light. Oscar Wilde once told, “I have faced many tragedies in my life. Some of them were real!”. 

I was fundamentally wrong in assuming that some sorrows or sufferings are less than others. Human mind makes sure that every sorrow and suffering fills in our whole mind. 

Animated picture of Dr Samuel providing healthcare in rural parts of Myanmar. This image was generated from a real photo using the AI app fotor.com . 

Sleeping Sound Slumber

 We may remember Dr Samuel, the revolutionary, from my previous blog. He and his team live in a hut. Often, they have to move around to take care of the health of people in other villages and refugee camps. One day I wanted to see their beds. This is where they sleep. 

Sleeping place in the camp. 

It is just a plastic mat with pillow and blanket. I was quite shocked. This is not even a hut in its traditional meaning. It has no walls. It is basically a shabby camping site which they have adopted as their domicile for more than two years now. While I was digesting this I saw some pictures of the night life in Yangon. Hundreds of young people having "fun" as if everything is going great.

Club scenes in Yangon.

I asked the doctor, "is this the generation you are fighting for? How do they get sleep at night when most of the country is burning and millions have been made refugees? How do they get a good night's sleep when you guys are stuck in your plastic bed in open forests?" 

My karma-focussed upbringing made it painful to digest. This is not the first time though. I have seen many people doing bad-karma but having a great life. 

Many people claim that if your karma is pure and your conscious is strong then you get a good sleep at the end of the day. I always had my doubt. I was pretty sure that the dictator who ordered a genocide or the banker whose scams caused the loss of job for thousands also get pretty decent sleep. 

The doctor's answer game me a fresh paradigm. He told, "I am sure the club-going ones are also getting pretty decent sleep. But, Amit, we are not in a competition, are we? We all have our inherent nature, circumstances and dispositions. If I were to go to the club then, of course, I shall not get a good sleep. Because, my consciousness wants me to be in the right side. Mark that this is right side by my definition and disposition. Similarly, the club-going ones can not get a good sleep if they are to spend a night in my bed! We all are doing what our individual dispositions and circumstances make us capable of."

I really loved this explanation. It helped me answer my age old question about if people not doing seemingly good karma sleep a sound slumber. As long as we do what our natural disposition makes us do, we all will get a good night's sleep! The trick is to understand our true nature and true disposition (also called true "dharma" in the Hindu scripture Bhagawat Gita). Suddenly, I could clearly see the meaning of this line from Bhagawat Gita. 

Swadharme Nidhanam sreya; paradharma bhayAbaha||

(Better to die working as per your true disposition and nature than to act otherwise.)

 

Living Anicca

Long back, I guess in 1997, I read a short story in one of the news papers. It introduced the idea of "anicca", which is a pivotal peg of Buddhist philosophy. In simple language, it means impermanence. I.e. nothing in life is going to last for ever. At a deeper level, it gets more complicated which I do not grasp yet. I have met many people who talk about impermanence. Adages like "nothing lasts for ever" are cliche. Rarely have I met anyone who lives the essence of "anicca". 

Then I met Dr Samuel (name changed for privacy reasons) who is a doctor from Myanmar. Samuel, like many professionals and common Burmese people, joined the civil disobedience movement (CDM) when the junta illegally took over power in Burma in 2021. Within a few months of it, it was clear that the junta will go to any extent to keep power. Many kept doing CDM and are still participating it. For those who may not be aware of the situation, many citizens in Burma are still participating in CDM. Many universities are closed for two years because of the motivated and passionate students who have chosen to do the right thing. At the same time, many decided to start an armed revolution as well. An armed revolution needs people from all walks. Dr. Samuel joined the revolution and has been near the frontline of conflict ever since. He, with his team of equally motivated volunteers, work tirelessly to provide invaluable medical aid to the civilians caught in the fights. They also do their best to help the ones injured in this unjust war.  

When I came to know Dr Samuel better, he was still in the camps. Within a week or so, he faced the following list of problems. 

1. He got the news that his sister is suffering from 4th stage cancer. 
2. He realised that he is penniless and can not contribute anything to the treatment. 
3. He realised that he can not even spend much time with his sick sister. 
4. He had constant arguments with his father who wanted him to return to mainstream and get amnesty. 
5. In the same week, his account (with whatever was left off his savings from the times when he was working for a good salary) was frozen and he lost all his savings. 

One evening he was really stressed. I can not even imagine how can one go through so much stress. He was thinking to leave the revolution. I did not know what to tell. 

Then came the twist. He spent that whole evening listening to Buddhist talks and meditating. The following morning, he looked calm and happy. I asked what happened? He told, "everything is impermanent. Why am I worried so much? Life is not for ever as well. I can also die from a road accident. All that matters is that I be with the right side during this crisis."

And that was it. He was back to his smiling and happy self. 

Never have I ever seen a person living the essence of "anicca" the way Samuel did. He is an inspiration. May his sacrifice not go in vein. May Myanmar get the right leaders it deserves. 

PS: What is happening in Myanmar is NOT a civil war. It is a freedom struggle. Please use the right words. Words have power.